| Eastern
Route Project (ERP) |
This project will divert water from the lower reach
of Changjiang north to supply water for the eastern
Huang-Huai-Hai Plain with the termination in Tianjin
City by raising water in stages through Beijing-Hangzhou
Grand Canal.
ERP was initially considered in the early 1950s. Since
the heavy drought of North China in 1972, under the
leadership of then Ministry of Water Resources and Electric
Power, Planning Office of South-to-North Water Transfer
has organized Huaihe Water Resources Commission, Haihe
Water Resources Commission, Tianjin Hydroelectric Investigation
and Design Institute, relative provinces and cities
and agencies, to do a great number of investigation,
design and research works for more than 20 years. In
1976, the "Planning Report on Project in Near Future
for South-to-North Water Transfer" was submitted
to the State Council for preliminary examination. In
March 1983, the State Council approved the "Feasibility
Study Report on First-stage Engineering of ERP for South-to-North
Water Transfer" issued by Ministry of Water Resources
and Electric Power. In September 1993, Ministry of Water
Resources, jointly with some provinces and cities concerned,
examined and adopted the "Revised punning Report
on ERP for South-to-North Water Transfer" and "Revised
Feasibi11ty Study Report on First -stage Engineering
of ERP for South-to-North Water Transfer".¡¡
Sangjiang Ying Section of Changjiang River
Sketch
Map of The Scheme of ERP.
 |
| Scale
of ERP and water quantity to be diverted
|
There
is the richer water in the lower reach of Changjiang River,
with mean annual water of 956 million m3 entering
sea, and more than 600 billion m3 even in extreme
dry year. Therefore, ERP will have enough water to be
pumped north, and the water quantity to be diverted is
based on the scale of ERP.
The rational final engineering scale of ERP was considered
in planning. The development level in 2020 was taken as
the objective planning scale and the successfully diverting
water into North China as the first-stage objective. The
water quantities to be diverted in various stages are
respectively 8.9 billion m3 , 10.6 billion
m3 and 14.8 billion m3 .
ERP will supply water for Jiangsu, Anhui, shandong, Hebei
Provinces and Tianjin Municipality. In details, the receiving
areas will include, the plain on the lower Huaihe except
the hinterland and its east of Lixiahe Region and the
northern plateaus in Northern Jiangsu, the areas on both
banks of lower Huaihe River from Bengbu City and on both
banks of Xinbian River in the east of Huaibei City and
parts of Tianchang County in Anhui Province; the areas
along Nansi Lakes and Hanzhuang Canal and Liangji Canal,
parts of eastern Jiaodong Peninsula, and northern area
which can not be irrigated by the water of Huanghe in
Shandong Province Hebei Province and Tianjin City and
its suburbs. |
| Layout
of ERP |
| ERP
will be built on the basis of the existing water diversion
project from Changjiang in Jiangsu Province, Beijing-Hangzhou
Grand Canal, Huaihe harnessing projects and the other
relative projects. ERP will consist of water conveyance
system, impounding project, power supply system.
|
| 1.Water
conveyance system |
| Water
conveyance system will include the main diversion channel,
pumping station, Huanghe-crossing project and the relative
treatment projects. |
| (1)
Diversion channel |
There will be two diversion spots, sanjiangying where
Huaihe River enters Changjimg and Gaogang where Beijing-Hangzhou
Grand Canal crosses Changjiang. The diversion channel
will be 1156 km in total length from Changjiang to Tianjin
trunk route, including 646 km section in the south of
Huanghe, 17 km Huanghe-crossing section, 493 km section
in the north of Huanghe. There will be 740 km in a total
length of subsidiary routes including 665 km in the
south of Huanghe. 90% of the diversion channel will
be made for use of the existing river channels.
Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal will be the trunk diversion
channel. Some subsidiary diversion routes will be added
to partial diversion channel sections.
The full
view of Jiangdu pumpingstation
|
| (2)
Pumping station |
The
topography along Huanghe River is of the higher center.
The diversion spot will be lower than the surface near
Huanghe by 36 ~37 m. It is needed to construct 13 pumping
stations to pump water from Changjiang to southern bank
of Huanghe with the total lifting height of 65 m. The
water crossing Huanghe can now by gravity to Tianjin.
In the south of Huanghe, there will be a stage for Nansi
Lakes section, and three stages for each of other sections.
There will be 67 pumping stations with the total installed
capacity of 678 MW. 16 existing pumping stations with
the installed capacity of 149 MW will be used.
In the first-stage engineering of 13 stages, 51 pumping
stations with the installed capacity of 529 MW will be
built.
The characteristics of the pumping station of ERP will
include low lifting height (2-6 m), large flow (15-40m3/s
for each unit), long operating time (5000 hours/year for
the stations in the south of Huanghe). Some pumping stations
responsible for waterlogging drainage wil1have to be of
operating mobility and high efficiency. |
| (3)
Huanghe-crossing project |
The
alternative of tunnelling under Huanghe between Dongping
County and Dong'e County of Shandong Province was selected.
On the basis of long-term geological investigation and
the Huanghe-crossing exploratory tunnel excavation,
the relative units have found out the foundation structure
and the karst development in the river bed under Huanghe,
and solved successfully the problem of leekage control
for excavation under the riverbed.
Huanghe-crossing section is 7.87 km in total length
from the outlet of Dongping Lake to the outlet gate
of the north bank of the Yellow River, including siphon
section of 585.38 m. The two horizontal tunnels with
the diameter of 9.3 m will be located 70 m under the
riverbed of Huanghe. For the first stage engineering,
one of the two tunnels will be driven.
|
| 2.
Impounding projects |
| The
impounding projects are the necessary measures of long-distance
water transfer. Along ERP in the south of Huanghe, there
are some lakes such as Hongze Lake, Luoma Lake, Nansi
Lakes, Dongping Lake, that can be as the impounding projects
for ERP with the total regulating storage capacity of
4.89 billion m3 by repairing slightly. No new
impounding project will be needed. In the north of Huanghe,
Beidagang Reservoir in Tianjin City can be continuously
used, and Tuanbowa in Tianjin City and Qianqingwa in Hebei
Province will be extended for use, and Dalangdian and
Langwa in Hebei Province will be newly built. So there
will be 5 impounding projects with the total storage capacity
of 1.49 billion m3 in the north of Huanghe. |
| 3.
Investment |
| In
accordance with the price level in 2000, the total investment
for ERP equals to about 65 billion yuan. For the first
stage engineering, some 32 billion yuan will be required. |
| Benefits
of Project |
ERP
will increase supply Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei
and Tianjin with 14.8 billion m3 water.
The ERP completed will basically solve the problems
in shortage of water resources in Tianjin Municipality,
Heilonggang and Yundong regions in Hebei Province, north
and southwest and part of Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong
Province, and make the supplying water for Tianjin available,
consequently prompting economic development of Bohai
Sea area and eastern Hulang-Huai-Hai Plain, and improving
the environment deteriorated from the shortage of water.
ERP will ensure the annual navigation from Jining to
xuzhou on Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and make two
commodity grain bases in Western Shandong and Northern
Jiangsu strong and developed.
Tianjin
|
The
South-to-North Water Transfers is an important strategic
measure in the optimization of water resources distribution
of China. As the specific geographic location and the
limited water quantity of the water providing area, each
of the West Route, the Middle Route and East Route has
its own rational scope of irreplaceable water supply area,
according to the requirement of relative regional economic
development, the preparation of pre-construction and the
ability of the state finace and other conditions. The
South-to-North Water Transfers Project has been carried
out in Dec . 27, 2002 .
Beijing |
| |
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|
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Zhong
Canal |
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Li
Canal |
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Hanzhuang
Canal |
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Liangji
Canal |
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Zaohe
pumping station |
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Nangsi
Lake |
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Dongping
Lake |
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